Abstract
Ocean optics studies the radiative transfer of solar radiation through the ocean medium, and bio-optics studies the interactions between biology and ocean optical properties and light propagation. Inherent optical properties (IOPs), including spectral absorption coefficient a(λ), spectral scattering coefficient, b(λ), and spectral beam attenuation coefficient c(λ), are the main study subjects of ocean optics, and these properties depend only on the medium and are independent of the ambient light field and its geometrical distribution. Beam transmissometers are commonly used to measure the IOPs. Apparent optical properties (AOPs), on the other hand, depend on both the IOPs and the angular distribution of solar radiation, and is commonly measured using a broadband scalar irradiance E0 or PAR sensor.
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