Abstract
BackgroundDespite some advances in the discovery of novel therapies, smoke inhalation injury remains a difficult to treat critical health issue due to its physiopathological complexity. Natural products, such as d-limonene (LIM), are becoming an important potential source of new treatments in many health problems. LIM has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and protective effects in respect of several diseases, including respiratory conditions. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of inhaled LIM on acute smoke-induced lung injury in rats. MethodsThirty minutes after smoke inhalation, adult male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or LIM (0.01 mg/kg) for 30 min. Blood samples, and the liver, lungs, and trachea were collected for analysis. ResultsThe results showed that LIM minimized the injuries, reducing oxidative and inflammatory damage by improving catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities (trachea: p < 0.01; lung: p < 0.05) and reducing interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) level (p < 0.01) caused by smoke inhalation. LIM was also able to ameliorate damage in both trachea and lung tissues. ConclusionsThe results indicate that LIM has a beneficial effect on lung injury, mainly by reducing oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory response and tissue damage.
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