Inhalant allergen sensitization is an independent risk factor for the development of angioedema

Abstract

Background/objectiveThe etiology and risk factors for angioedema remain poorly understood with causative triggers often going undiagnosed despite repeated reactions. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between inhalant allergen sensitization and angioedema. MethodsA retrospective review of patients who had in vitro inhalant allergy testing from 2006 to 2010 was performed. Patients with a diagnosis of angioedema who underwent inhalant allergy testing were identified. Analyses for co-morbidities, class of sensitization, seasonal timing of angioedema, and concurrent use of known hypertensive medications that can cause angioedema were performed. ResultsThere were 1000 patients who underwent inhalant allergy testing and qualified for the study. 37/1000 had at least one episode of angioedema and of these patients, 34 had positive inhalant sensitization testing results. Multivariate regression models showed overall sensitization status, seasonal allergen and epidermal/mite sensitization as independent risk factors (p<0.001, p=0.005, p=0.025 respectively) when controlling for ACE inhibitor use and other covariates. Tree, and epidermal/mite sensitizations were independent risk factors for angioedema in mono-sensitized subject analysis (p=0.028, p=0.029, respectively). ConclusionBoth seasonal and perennial allergen sensitizations are independent risk factors for the development of angioedema. In patients with angioedema and an unknown trigger, inhalant allergen sensitization should be considered as a potential contributing factor to the development of angioedema.