Abstract
We report on two studies investigating the motivations (“ingroup love” and “outgroup hate”) underlying individual participation in intergroup conflict between natural groups (fans of football clubs, supporters of political parties), by employing the Intergroup Prisoner's Dilemma Maximizing-Difference (IPD-MD) game. In this game group members can contribute to the ingroup (at a personal cost) and benefit ingroup members with or without harming members of an outgroup. Additionally, we devised a novel version of the IPD-MD in which the choice is between benefiting ingroup members with or without helping members of the outgroup. Our results show an overall reluctance to display outgroup hate by actively harming outgroup members, except when the outgroup was morality-based. More enmity between groups induced more outgroup hate only when it was operationalized as refraining from help.
Highlights
We report on two studies investigating the motivations (“ingroup love” and “outgroup hate”) underlying individual participation in intergroup conflict between natural groups, by employing the Intergroup Prisoner's Dilemma Maximizing-Difference (IPD-MD) game
To examine whether the infrequent use of outgroup hate in previous work is a result of groups' artificiality and/or the focus on negative externalities, we studied the behavior of members of natural groups—fans of football clubs (Study 1) and supporters of political parties (Study 2)—in settings where displays of outgroup hate were possible by either imposing a negative externality, or refraining from imposing a positive externality, on the outgroup
We contribute to the social psychological literature on intergroup conflicts and its motivational underpinnings (e.g., Allport, 1954; De Dreu, 2010; Halevy et al, 2008) by examining behavior of members of natural groups—football fans and supporters of political parties—with varying degrees of enmity in three intergroup conflict games
Summary
We report on two studies investigating the motivations (“ingroup love” and “outgroup hate”) underlying individual participation in intergroup conflict between natural groups (fans of football clubs, supporters of political parties), by employing the Intergroup Prisoner's Dilemma Maximizing-Difference (IPD-MD) game. In this game group members can contribute to the ingroup (at a personal cost) and benefit ingroup members with or without harming members of an outgroup. Each player's final payoff is determined by the combined effect of the six (three ingroup + three outgroup) players' actions
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