Ingestion of Soil by Grazing Sport Horses

Stefan Jurjanz,Bridget Younge,Carol Quish,Cyril Feidt,Claire Collas

doi:10.3390/ani11072109

Abstract

Simple SummarySoil ingestion has been well documented for the majority of outside reared animals but not in horses. As soil can be a vector of environmental pollutants, such studies generally aim at controlling exposure to pollutant uptake in food producing animals. In horses, ingestion of soil may cause gastrointestinal disorders such as sand colic or intestinal damage. Therefore, soil ingestion has been studied in Irish sport horses grazing at three levels of herbage offer: 2, 3 or 4% of their body weight. Their soil intake was around 4% of the totally ingested dry matter corresponding to 543 to 648 g of dry soil per animal per day, which is quite similar to cattle in normal grazing conditions. Such amounts would clearly be an issue for food safety in areas with contaminated soil but also an animal welfare issue due to gastrointestinal damage. The height of the pastured grass sward seems to be a reliable criterion to indicate the level of risk of soil intake when horses graze short herbage in close proximity to the ground surface and should be moved to a new paddock.Data on soil ingestion in horses are lacking in contrast to other free-range animals. The importance of soil as a vector for environmental pollutants to food is less relevant in horses but several disorders secondary to soil ingestion, such as sand colic or enteritis have been reported. Therefore, soil ingestion has been studied on Irish sport horses grazing at three offered levels of daily herbage: 2, 3 and 4% of their body weight. Soil ingestion was estimated by the faecal recovery of a soil natural marker. Horses had 4.5, 4.1 and 3.7% of soil in their total intake respectively for the 2, 3 and 4% herbage offers. The 4% offer presented significantly less intake (543 g/d) compared to the more restricted offers (624 and 648 g respectively for 3 and 2%). The post-grazing sward height was significantly lower on the 2% offer (3.1 cm) compared to the higher offers (4.1 and 4.4 cm respectively for 3 and 4%). Thus, restricted herbage allowance made grazing closer to the ground and increased soil ingestion. The sward height appeared to be a reliable indicator to manage animal withdrawal from a pasture to limit soil ingestion and the risk of gastrointestinal pathologies caused by it.

Highlights

Soil ingestion has no nutritional purpose except counterbalancing significant mineral deficits described as geophagia [1]
Six adult Irish Sport horses weighing 623 ± 32 kg at the nutritional requirement level of maintenance and aged between 4 and 10 years were grouped by body weight (BW) in pairs, which followed the treatments in the same order
The first level of Daily Herbage Allowance (DHA) corresponded to the grass amount, which needs to be ingested in order to meet their daily requirements [16], i.e., 2% of the BW

Summary

Introduction

Soil ingestion has no nutritional purpose except counterbalancing significant mineral deficits described as geophagia [1]. The evaluation of soil ingestion is a central point in risk assessment approaches It has been studied in numerous food producing animals such as dairy cows [3,4], beef cattle [5,6], sheep [7,8], free-range pigs [9], free-range hens [10] and chicken [11]. The frame of food safety evaluation would not really match since consumption of horsemeat is—except in Central Asia (e.g., China, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan)—very low Even if this reduced issue of food safety can explain the lower interest of the scientific community to study soil ingestion in horses, there are pathologic concerns justifying investigations. A deposit of ingested soil may sensitively reduce the relatively small volume of the horse’s stomach

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion