Abstract
Conflicting prevalence of newly identified KI(KIPyV), WU(WUPyV) and Merkel Cell Carcinoma(MCPyV) polyomaviruses have been reported in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy(PML) patient samples, ranging from 0 to 14.3%. We analyzed the prevalence of these polyomaviruses in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF), peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC), and bone marrow samples from PML patients, immunosuppressed individuals with or without HIV, and multiple sclerosis(MS) patients. Distinct PCR tests for KIPyV, WUPyV and MCPyV DNA performed in two independent laboratories detected low levels of MCPyV DNA only in 1/269 samples. The infrequent detections of these viruses in multiple samples from immunosuppressed individuals including those with PML suggest that their reactivation mechanisms may be different from that of JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) and that they do not play a role in the pathogenesis of PML.
Highlights
Three new human polyomaviruses have been identified, KIPyV [1], WUPyV [2] and MCPyV [3]
Our largely negative results suggest that the new human polyomaviruses WU, KI are not commonly found in the central nervous system (CNS), urine and blood of HIV-positive and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, including those treated with natalizumab, and that immunosuppression does not result in replication and detection of these viruses in multiple compartments
Its detection in the CSF of an immunosuppressed patient may suggest neurotropic features of this virus, which is associated with a neuroendocrine tumor
Summary
Three new human polyomaviruses have been identified, KIPyV [1], WUPyV [2] and MCPyV [3]. Whereas one study reported detecting KIPyV and WUPyV in 14.3% of the brain samples from HIVpositive patients with PML [8], another study did not detect any of the three new polyomaviruses in the brain samples from HIVpositive patients with PML [9](Table 1). To clarify these conflicting results, we first performed a literature search and summarized all published findings in detection of KI, WU, MCPyVs in non respiratory samples of adult patients. Using different PCR methods at two distinct laboratories, we screened for the three new polyomaviruses in 269 samples from 123 adult patients including HIV-positive with and without PML, HIV-negative with PML, multiple sclerosis (MS), other immunosuppressed patients and 2 HIV-negative immunocompetent patients with other neurological syndromes (ONS)
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