Abstract
Variants of classification of risks of NPP design over the entire life cycle are proposed. The concept of integral risk is introduced and, on its basis, approaches to the creation of a low-risk nuclear power system based on small and medium power units are formulated. The key role of the human factor in the formation of risks is reflected. Comparison of the risks of NPPs of large and small capacity is carried out. .
Highlights
Scientists were divided into two categories: those who believe that all accidents, disasters, adverse events, etc. are of a random, stochastic nature, and those who see anthropogenic influence and the human factor to blame for all events
It is proposed to consider the possibilities of a "low-risk" approach to the design of large energy facilities - to construct on the site several units of modular nuclear power plants of low or medium power instead of one “large” unit of a nuclear power plant, but with the same total power indicators, thereby reducing the proportion of each possible adverse event at all stages of the life cycle of a separate project/power unit
It is proposed to use the method of power insurance of risks at the strategic level by switching to splitting high power units into small or medium power units
Summary
To limit the danger and ensure the safety of project execution in the energy sector, all types of threats and risks in the preparation and implementation of projects should be taken into account and, if possible, minimized. At present, it is considered a generally accepted conclusion about the leading role of the human factor in ensuring the reliability of NPP operation. It is considered a generally accepted conclusion about the leading role of the human factor in ensuring the reliability of NPP operation On this issue, scientists were divided into two categories: those who believe that all accidents, disasters, adverse events, etc. It is possible to introduce the concept of integral risk of a nuclear power plant project, as the sum of the “spatial and temporal components” of risks accompanying the project from conception to liquidation (Fig. 6)
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