Abstract
ABSTRACT Like many low-income countries, Uganda is struggling to provide sanitation to its inhabitants. Meeting the Sustainable Development Goal related to sanitation (SDG6) will require major investments in sanitation. This study uses the concept of service regimes to analyze existing sanitation infrastructure and services and their respective costs. The service regimes investigated are the sewage regime and the fecal sludge (FS) regime. The results show that approximately 56% of the fecal flow in Kampala is estimated as ‘safely managed’. The results also show that the annual per capita costs for the sewage regime (USD 186) are more than 13-fold those for the FS regime (USD 14). Additionally, there are large differences in subsidies between the regimes. When allocating public funds, decision-makers are advised to consider (i) number of customers within regimes, (ii) total capital and operating costs of services, (iii) cost allocation between stakeholders, and (iv) infrastructure performance.
Highlights
Like most other low- and middle-income countries, Uganda has failed to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goal (MDG) related to providing sanitation for rural and urban populations (The Republic of Uganda 2015; WHO/UNICEF 2015; Satterthwaite 2016)
By combining (i) the percentages of households on each technology type stated in the Kampala Sanitation Master Plan (Government of Uganda/National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) 2015) and the estimated treatment efficiency for each of the regimes from an SFD report (Niwagaba n.d.), a simplified SFD for Greater Kampala was developed (Figure 2)
Even with a fluctuation between the regimes based on commuter influx to the city and even with the fulfilment of the objectives in the Kampala Sanitation Master Plan, the fecal sludge (FS) regime will continue to dominate Greater Kampala for the foreseeable future
Summary
Like most other low- and middle-income countries, Uganda has failed to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goal (MDG) related to providing sanitation for rural and urban populations (The Republic of Uganda 2015; WHO/UNICEF 2015; Satterthwaite 2016). Uganda’s annual urban population growth rate of 5.2% (World Bank n.d.) is one of the highest in the world, and the population of Kampala is expected to more than double by 2035 (United Nations 2018). This places enormous stress on the city’s existing sanitation infrastructure and services. Uganda is no exception and, in preparation for such investments, it is important to have an understanding of existing infrastructure, services, and their respective costs
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