Abstract
BackgroundAngoroside C, cinnamic acid, and harpagoside are bioactive constituents in Scrophularia ningpoensis. Currently, an infrared-assisted extraction (IRAE) method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for the analysis of bioactive constituents in this plant is lacking.MethodsA method based on HPLC following IRAE has been developed for quantifying angoroside C, cinnamic acid, and harpagoside in Scrophularia ningpoensis. Four main factors, namely, extraction solvent, solid/liquid ratio, illumination time, and distance between the infrared lamp and the round-bottom flask, were optimized for extraction. Furthermore, conventional ultrasonic extraction (USE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were also investigated to validate the developed method.ResultsThe optimal extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration, 37.5%; solid/liquid ratio, 1:25; illumination time, 10 min; and distance between infrared lamp and round-bottom flask, 3 cm. The results of method validation demonstrated that the developed method meets the requirement of analysis.ConclusionThe results show that the IRAE-HPLC is a simple, accurate, and green analytical preparatory method for the potential extraction and quantification of angoroside C, cinnamic acid, and harpagoside in Scrophularia ningpoensis.
Highlights
Angoroside C, cinnamic acid, and harpagoside are bioactive constituents in Scrophularia ningpoensis
Optimization of infrared-assisted extraction (IRAE) parameters Effect of extraction solvent on the extraction efficiency of angoroside C, cinnamic acid, and harpagoside Solutions containing different proportions (0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, and 75%) of ethanol were optimized under illumination for 10 min at a solid/liquid ratio of 1:25
The extraction efficiency of angoroside C, cinnamic acid, and harpagoside increased with increase in the ethanol ratio from 0 to 37.5%, reaching a maximum at 37.5%, and decreasing from 37.5 to 75% (Fig. 3a)
Summary
Angoroside C, cinnamic acid, and harpagoside are bioactive constituents in Scrophularia ningpoensis. It is commonly used to treat pharyngalgia, rheumatism, arthritis, tussis, constipation, and conjunctival congestion [1,2,3]. It is especially effective for the Angoroside C, cinnamic acid, and harpagoside (Fig. 1) are the main bioactive components in S. ningpoensis. Angoroside C has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, platelet-aggregation inhibition, and liver protection effects [5]. Harpagoside has hypotensive, anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV), anti-inflammatory, anti-arrhythmic, and positive inotropic effects [6,7,8,9,10]. While cinnamic acid has been shown to possess anti-fungal [11] and antioxidant activities [12], as well as the ability to induce tumor cell differentiation [13]
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