Abstract
Background: The heat produced during implant site osteotomy can potentially interfere with and influence the osseointegration process of a dental implant. The objective of this in vitro investigation was to measure the temperature changes during simulated osteotomies in bovine rib bone. The measurements were made at the apical area of the osteotomies with steel implant drills compared to zirconia implant drills. Methods: Steel cylindrical drills (2 mm) and zirconia cylindrical drills (2 mm) were evaluated in vitro using bovine rib bone for a total of five groups based on the number of osteotomies performed with each drill: 10, 20, 40, 90, or 120 osteotomies. Bone and apical drill temperatures were measured by means of infrared thermography. The drilling time for each osteotomy was measured for each preparation. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the temperature measurements in the bone and apical portion of the drills between the study groups (p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed for drilling time preparation between steel cylindrical drill (2 mm) and zirconia cylindrical drills (2 mm) (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The drill material has an impact on the temperature changes that occur at its apical portion during bone preparation for implant placement.
Highlights
Oral implant rehabilitation is a highly predictable procedure characterized by 10-year success rates of over 97% [1,2,3]
Many factors that can influence the heat generation during the implant bed preparation including drilling speed [33,34], drilling depth [35], drill geometry [36,37], sharpness of the cutting tool [38], use of internal or external irrigation [39], use of graduated versus one-step drilling [40], intermittent versus continuous drilling and drill material [41] are controllable in clinical proactive, while the pressure applied to the drill [34] is not controllable
We found the generation of friction heat during osteotomies for implant preparation to be influenced by the drill material especially when we prepare implant sites in dense cortical bone
Summary
Oral implant rehabilitation is a highly predictable procedure characterized by 10-year success rates of over 97% [1,2,3]. Bone healing around fixtures is a biological phenomenon with the proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblasts into osteoblasts, the production and mineralization of osteoid matrix followed by the organization of the bone–implant interface [8] These complex biological phenomena allow the dental implant to achieve osseointegration [8]. The heat produced during implant site osteotomy can potentially interfere with and influence the osseointegration process of a dental implant. The objective of this in vitro investigation was to measure the temperature changes during simulated osteotomies in bovine rib bone. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the temperature measurements in the bone and apical portion of the drills between the study groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The drill material has an impact on the temperature changes that occur at its apical portion during bone preparation for implant placement
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