Abstract
This study aims at finding out if multiple attenuated internal reflection-infrared (MAIR-IR) spectroscopic analysis can be used as a tool to differentiate commercial resin composite brands and to find out if different resin composites will have different abilities of leaching materials that are cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) Tooth-colored resin fillings have become increasingly popular as restorative materials, which make it important to differentiate the commercial brands for forensic and biological purposes. Fourteen resin composite brands were used in the study. MAIR-IR spectroscopic analysis was used for surface characterization of the organic and inorganic parts of the resin composite samples which were studied as is and after 2 weeks of saline incubation. IR spectroscopy was also done on the saline extracts to find out if different resin composite materials would have different leaching abilities. The saline extracts were also used for the viability testing of HGF cell cultures. One-way analysis of variance test statistics was used to analyze the results. It was found that the resin composite brands have different spectra after saline soaking. It was also found that these resin composite brands possess different leaching abilities with regard to the amount and type of materials and different cytotoxic effects, which were found to be threshold dependent, meaning there is a critical or threshold value of leaching material at or above which the toxic effect will be significant and below which there is no toxic effect. Therefore, IR spectroscopy might be considered as a useful tool for dental resin composite characterization. However, more oral simulating environmental testing methods, different surface characterization methods, and more cell viability testing methods and assays must be considered for more specific results which relate more to the behavior of these dental resin composites in the oral environment.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2194-0517-2-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
The degradation rate of a wound dressing film has to match the rate of wound healing during the healing process (Cao and Wang 2009)
Biodegradation behavior was characterized at physiological pH and enzyme concentration similar to that in human serum
Similar to blends based on chitosan and PEG, the results showed that blends of Ch/polyethylene glycol-co-fumarate (PEGF) could improve cell adhesion (Zhang et al 2002)
Summary
The degradation rate of a wound dressing film has to match the rate of wound healing during the healing process (Cao and Wang 2009). Chitosan (Ch) is a biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and antibacterial biopolymer that has been well known as being able to accelerate the healing process of wounds in humans (Mir. Progress in Biomaterials (2018) 7:143–150 activity, permeability and fluid absorption (Hashemi Doulabi et al 2013b, 2015). Motivated by our preliminary results (Hashemi Doulabi et al 2013b), the main goal of this research was to investigate in vitro degradability, biocompatibility and cytocompatibility of Ch/PEGF blend films as important requirements for a wound dressing material. Their biodegradation profile and in vitro cell behavior response confirmed their potential for medical applications. To the best of our knowledge, long-term in vitro degradation studies of the Ch/PEGF blend film at simulated physiological conditions, i.e., pH, enzyme, etc., as well as cell behavior evaluations have not yet been published
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