Infrared Peritoneoscopy Using Vidicon and Charge Coupled Device Television Camera Systems

Abstract

Abstract: Two infrared television (TV) camera systems (a vidicon camera and a charge coupled device (CCD) camera) were used for clinical peritoneoscopy. Under infrared (IR) rays, the liver, stomach, intestine, abdominal walls and arteries appeared white, whereas the gallbladder, spleen and veins appeared dark. Compared with the images seen under visible light, small markings were less distinct. Intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG; 5 mg/kg) entranced the appearance of the arteries and the veins as black lines. 0.5 to 3 minutes after the ICG (0.5 to 5 mg/kg) injection, the liver parenchyma turned black, yielding a good contrast with unstained areas such as the interstitia, areas of necrosis, granulomas and carcinomas. In some cases, localized areas of the liver parenchyma, indistinguishable by conventional peritoneoscopy, turned black at an early phase of ICG staining (0.5‐2 minutes) while other areas remained white. This suggests a localized disturbance in liver circulation or liver dysfunction. Although the vidicon camera exhibited better sensitivity to IR rays tlian the CCD camera, the latter produced better images without residual image problems. In conclusion, IR peritoneoscopy by TV camera systems is a neiv and useful method, because it provides us with new information about the liver and gastrointestinal surfaces.