Abstract
ABSTRACT: Constant monitoring of milk quality by the processing industries demands the use of methodologies that add agility and low-cost analysis, such as the use of electronic equipment based on infrared or ultrasonic spectroscopy. In the present study, quality of raw milk received by dairy farms from western region of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, was evaluated throughout two methodologies of analysis of chemical composition and compared, being that both equipment used standard procedures for calibration, considering as reference data from the classic analytical methods recommended in Brazilian legislation. Milk samples from 45 producers were analyzed for SCC, TBC and physicochemical analysis, performed at dairy’s laboratory and at the official laboratory. Infrared and ultrasound methodologies for chemical composition of fat, protein and lactose were compared and correlated. The comparison of the methods showed that there was no significant difference for the mean values of fat (P=0.06); however, they presented significant difference for protein (P=0.001), higher for IR (3.23 vs. 3.33), and lactose (P<0.0001), higher for US (4.47 vs. 4.83). Correlation was positive and significant for fat (r=0.73, P<0.0001), protein (r=0.47, P=0.001) and lactose (r=0.51, P=0.0003). Considering the minimal composition required, TBC and SCC levels, 95.5%, 84.1% and 64.4% of the milk producers met the current Brazilian legislation, respectively. It was concluded that the methodologies have affected results, which may have been influenced by the correction factor used for equipment calibration, specifically for analyzed samples during the study period.
Highlights
Use of electronic methodologies in milk quality monitoring has gained space in the dairy chain because it provides quick and efficient responses on milk composition (HOLROYD, 2013) either for the dairy producer (TSENKOVA et al, 2000), or for the industry, in the receiving platform, in order to reach the best destination of the stocked milk and the adequate use of parameters for quality paymentApproved 04.04.19 Returned CR-2018-0510.R1 by the author 06.17.1C9 iênciaRural, v.49, n.7,(PONSANO et al, 2007).Besides that, they are nondestructive methods that allow a large amount of analysis in a short period of time (BUCKIN et al, 2003, TSENKOVA et al, 2000)
Infrared spectroscopy is widely used to determine milk composition (HOLROYD, 2013), and is the standard method adopted by the Brazilian laboratories government to analyzed milk quality, denominated “Rede Brasileira de Laboratórios de Controle de Qualidade de Leite” (RBQL), as well as the method being adopted for use in the identification of adulterated milks (POONIA et al, 2017)
Diol concentration between 0.017% to 0.023% m/v, and, natamycin between 0.00060% to 0.00093% m/v) for analysis of somatic cell count (SCC), fat, protein and lactose; and a sample with 40 mL in a sterile vial containing Azidiolfor analysis of total bacterial count (TBC).Both of 40 mL vials were sent for analysis at the Dairy Herd Analysis Service (SARLE), University of Passo Fundo, to a laboratory accredited by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply, integrant of the Brazilian Network of Laboratories for Quality Control of Milk (RBQL)
Summary
Use of electronic methodologies in milk quality monitoring has gained space in the dairy chain because it provides quick and efficient responses on milk composition (HOLROYD, 2013) either for the dairy producer (TSENKOVA et al, 2000), or for the industry, in the receiving platform, in order to reach the best destination of the stocked milk and the adequate use of parameters for quality paymentApproved 04.04.19 Returned CR-2018-0510.R1 by the author 06.17.1C9 iênciaRural, v.49, n.7,(PONSANO et al, 2007).Besides that, they are nondestructive methods that allow a large amount of analysis in a short period of time (BUCKIN et al, 2003, TSENKOVA et al, 2000). Rapid milk analysis equipment can be based on the methods of infrared and ultrasonic spectroscopy. Ultrasonic spectroscopy has as its principle the application of high frequency sound waves that print intermolecular forces to the materials of the system. Compression and decompression oscillating in the ultrassonic wave cause oscillations in the molecular arrangement of the sample, which responds with attraction or repulsion of intermolecular forces (BUCKIN et al, 2003); analyzed by transmission or reflection of the signals generated (BHARDWAJ, 2002). Infrared spectroscopy is widely used to determine milk composition (HOLROYD, 2013), and is the standard method adopted by the Brazilian laboratories government to analyzed milk quality, denominated “Rede Brasileira de Laboratórios de Controle de Qualidade de Leite” (RBQL), as well as the method being adopted for use in the identification of adulterated milks (POONIA et al, 2017)
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