Abstract
This chapter introduces Geographic Information System (GIS) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) techniques and summarizes their various applications in civil engineering. A BIM is a digital representation of the physical and functional characteristics of a facility. Applications of coordinate systems in GIS/BIM are reviewed. An overview of the computing hardware and software necessary for GIS and BIM technologies is provided. Immersive Visualization Technologies such as Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Mixed Reality as well as their implementation with GIS/BIM are evaluated. Querying is a particularly critical component of a database, and as such, is an important and useful operation in GIS. Interpolation is the process of finding/predicting values based on other known values in the vicinity. The benefits of using BIM in the building construction industry are discussed in the context of adaptation of these techniques by heavy civil contractors and several departments of transportation.
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