Abstract
The performance of centralized and distributed massive MIMO deployments are studied for simulated indoor office scenarios. The distributed deployments use one of the following precoding methods: (1) local precoding with local channel state information (CSI) to the user equipments (UEs) that it serves, (2) large-scale MIMO with local CSI to all UEs in the network, (3) network MIMO with global CSI. For the distributed deployment (3), it is found that using twice as many base station antennas as data streams provides many of the massive MIMO benefits in terms of spectral efficiency and fairness. This is in contrast to the centralized and distributed deployments using (1) or (2) where more antennas are needed. Two main conclusions are that distributing base stations helps to overcome wall penetration loss; however, a backhaul is required to mitigate inter-cell interference. The effect of estimation errors on the performance is also quantified.
Highlights
One goal of new mobile radio communication standards, e.g., 5th generation mobile networks (5G) [1], is to increase the spectral efficiency (SE) per unit area or volume
We find that a ratio of twice as many base station (BS) antennas as served User equipment (UE) is a good trade-off between number of antennas versus SE
A ratio of twice as many BS antennas as UEs seems to be a good trade-off between achieved sum SE and number of BS antennas
Summary
One goal of new mobile radio communication standards, e.g., 5th generation mobile networks (5G) [1], is to increase the spectral efficiency (SE) per unit area or volume. The METIS (Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society) project [2] defines target traffic volume densities for different scenarios. One way to increase SE is by using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) schemes. MIMO allows one node to transmit several streams to one or more user equipments (UEs) using spatial degrees of freedom. Massive MIMO refers to a “vast” over-provisioning of base station (BS) antennas as compared to the number of served single antenna UEs [3]. The term massive MIMO is not clearly defined. Massive MIMO may refer to any MIMO
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