Information on stress conditions in the oceanic crust from oval fractures in a deep borehole

Abstract

Oval images etched into the vail of a deep borehole were detected in DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project) Hole 504B, eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, from analysis of an acoustic televiever log. Initial speculation as to the origin of these remarkable features considered the intersection of pillow basalts with the wellbore. However, a systematic inspection of these ovals has identified intriguing consistencies in appearance that cannot be explained satisfactorily by a random, coincidental distribution of pillow lavas. As an alternative hypothesis, Mohr‐Coulomb failure criterion is used to account for the generation and orientation of similarly curved, stress‐induced fractures. Consequently, these oval features can be interpreted as fractures and related directly to stress conditions in the oceanic crust at this site. The azimuth of the oval center corresponds to the orientation of maximum horizontal principal stress (SH), and the oval width, which spans approximately 180° of the borehole, is aligned vith the azimuth of minimum horizontal principal stress (Sh). The oval height is controlled by the fracture angle and thus is a function of the coefficient of internal friction of the rock.