Abstract
Abstract. Lakes are important water resources and integral parts of the natural ecosystem, and it is of great significance to study the evolution of lakes. The area of each lake increased and decreased at the same time in natural condition, only but the net change of lakes’ area is the result of the bidirectional evolution of lakes. In this paper, considering the effects of net fragmentation, net attenuation, swap change and spatial invariant part in lake evolution, a comprehensive evaluation indexes of lake dynamic evolution were defined,. Such degree contains three levels of measurement: 1) the swap dynamic degree (SDD) reflects the space activity of lakes in the study period. 2) the attenuation dynamic degree (ADD) reflects the net attenuation of lakes into non-lake areas. 3) the fragmentation dynamic degree (FDD) reflects the trend of lakes to be divided and broken into smaller lakes. Three levels of dynamic measurement constitute the three-dimensional "Swap - attenuation – fragmentation" dynamic evolution measurement system of lakes. To show its effectiveness, the dynamic measurement was applied to lakes in Jianghan Plain, the middle Yangtze region of China for a more detailed analysis of lakes from 1984 to 2014. In combination with spatial-temporal location characteristics of lakes, the hidden information in lake evolution in the past 30 years can be revealed.
Highlights
Lakes are important water resources and integral parts of the natural ecosystem
A number of studies have been proposed for the evolution of lakes, studies on lake mainly focus on the lake changes at different time scales(Sironić et al, 2016), the landscape pattern evolution(Liu et al, 2014; Wu et al, 2016), the evolving types and causes of lakes(Jambrina-Enríquez et al, 2017; Shadkam et al, 2016), the impact of water pollution(Grochowska et al, 2015; Sevindik et al, 2014; Williamson et al, 2009), the management of water resources(Li et al, 2017; Zębek, 2014), and so on
Considering the growth and decay of lakes in spatial evolution, the definition and calculation model of the swap dynamic degree (SDD), the attenuation dynamic degree (ADD), and the fragmentation dynamic degree (FDD) were proposed, which can efficiently judge the process of the spatial evolution of lakes
Summary
Lakes are important water resources and integral parts of the natural ecosystem. Since ancient times, lakes are closely related with human survival and development and play an irreplaceable role in runoff regulation, agricultural irrigation, transportation, urban and rural water supply, aquaculture, and maintaining ecological balance(Johnson et al, 2001). The lake evolution here is mainly affected by both natural factors (crustal movement, sediment deposition, and climate change)(Shadkam et al, 2016) and human activity (reclaiming farmland from lakes, urban expansion, and construction of large-scale water conservancy projects)(Yao et al, 2006; Wei et al, 2005a). Along with the population growth and the development of productive forces, the effects of human intervention on nature and ecological environment increased, which accelerated the evolution of lakes(Xiao et al, 2012). The area of each lake increased and decreased at the same time in natural condition, only but the net change of lakes’ area is the result of the bidirectional evolution of lakes. The comprehensive evaluation indexes are of great significance to the improvement and restoration of the ecological environment and the sustainable utilization of lake resources
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