Abstract
Malaysia’s heritage structures are facing challenges due to rapid local development and societal challenges that threaten their cultural and artistic values. Improving conservation approaches in this context is an urgent and crucial task. The application of geo-information technologies in laser scanning, photogrammetry, and geographic information systems (GISs) has significantly improved these conservation approaches. In this study, we fused drone images and range data from a laser scanner to construct a high-resolution three-dimensional GIS city model for one traditional Malay settlement located in Malaysia. The results showed that fusing photogrammetry and laser scanning can effectively capture the architectural uniqueness of Malay buildings, including specific façade geometries on walls, roofs, and motifs. The findings show that the development of various geoinformation approaches can assist with the conservation of Malay city heritage in this region.
Highlights
Data fusion is commonly applied in many cultural heritage aspects
The data acquired from the newest UAV model can be merged with various data platforms, including mobile laser scanners (MLSs) datasets, as UAVs are ideal devices for capturing land and roof landscape images, and the laser scanning point clouds can capture areas underneath trees and reflect the interior and exterior façades of building [24–26]
Tcohleocr-ocloodr-ecdodveedrtivcearltidciasltadniscteasnocfesthoef the meamsueraesdu3reDdp3oDinptocilnotucdlowuedrewuesreedutsoeddetotadiletthaeiletxhteerenxatelrfnaaçal dfaeçaodf ea oMf aalaMyablauyildbiunigldcinongsciostninsigstoinf ga of a wallwstarlul csttururec,tutrraed, ittriaodniatilomnaoltimfso, atinfsd, ahnadlf haarlofoaf.roAotf.thAetstthaegestoagf efaoçfadfaeçamdoedmeloindge,litnwgo, tdwaotadseattsaswetesrewere registered based on their point clouds, and the roof model from the drone images functioned as a contour to facilitate the construction of the façade of the overall Malay building to compensate for missing MLS point cloud data
Summary
Data fusion is commonly applied in many cultural heritage aspects. There are many related studies that have fused the data and information in cultural heritage studies [1–10]. The fusion of laser scanning and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs or drones) is an efficient research technique in terms of device efficiency, with the potential to generate high-frequency visual and radiometric performances [18–20]. UAVs use a gridded flight plan over an entire site to gather information from above, providing alternative and complementary data to laser scanning.
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