Abstract
This study aims to improve interoperability between Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and geospatial databases for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Road authorities maintain authoritative information for legal and safe navigation in GIS databases. This information needs to be shared with ITS databases for route planning and navigation, and for use in combination with local knowledge from vehicle sensors. Current solutions for modelling and exchanging geospatial information in the domains of GIS and ITS have been studied and evaluated. Limitations have been pointed out related to usability in the GIS domain and flexibility for representing an evolving real world. A prototype for an improved information exchange model has been developed, based on ISO/TC 211 standards, Model Driven Architecture (MDA), and concepts from the studied solutions. The prototype contains generic models for feature catalogues and features, with implementation schemas in the Geography Markup Language (GML). Results from a case study indicated that the models could be implemented with feature catalogues from the ITS standard ISO 14825 Geographic Data Files (GDF) and the INSPIRE Transport Networks specification. The prototype can be a candidate solution for improved information exchange from GIS databases to ITS databases that are based on the Navigation Data Standard.
Highlights
Modern vehicles contain a range of sensors from which they create local geospatial knowledge, and can share this information with map providers, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), and other road users
The analysis reveals that none of the studied solutions meets all six requirements, but that several are promising candidates for further development of an improved solution
The Geographic Data Files (GDF) standard, the INSPIRE Transport Networks specification, the transport networks (TN)-Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) specification and the Open Transport Network Format (OpenTNF) specification were considered as the most promising, while the Navigation Data Standard (NDS) Open Lane Model was considered essential, as it defines the model of an ITS database
Summary
Geospatial Information in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Modern vehicles contain a range of sensors from which they create local geospatial knowledge, and can share this information with map providers, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), and other road users. The local knowledge is neither sufficient for route planning nor for local navigation under challenging conditions, such as fog or snow-covered roads, and must be combined with geospatial information from pre-processed databases covering larger areas [2,3]. Geo-Inf. 2019, 8, 141; doi:10.3390/ijgi8030141 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijgi maintain geospatial information representing the road network, regulations, events, conditions, and road equipment, often in applications and databases from the domain of Geographic Information
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