Abstract
Abstract. The valorisation of archaeological sites represents a fundamental action for the social and economic development of a country. An archaeological park is often a territory characterized by significant testimonies of antiquity of great landscape value. For this reason, it should be configured as an authentic outdoor museum, enriched by natural, environmental, architectural and urban components. In order to fulfill these requirements, it is fundamental the elaboration of a coherent scientific project of preservation, fruition and valorisation of the area, which merge the different components necessary for the establishment of an archaeological museum-park. One of the most critical aspects related to the fruition of archaeological sites is the accessibility to areas and routes, not always – if ever – designed for people with reduced mobility, also temporary (for example elderly, obese, visually impaired, etc.). In general, an established principle used in the new design is to pay attention to the so-called wide users, in accordance with the international guidelines summarized in the concept of Universal Design. In particular, this paper presents the use of three-dimensional models obtained from laser scanning surveys for the design of walking trails for people with reduced mobility in the Tusculum Archaeological-Cultural Park. The work was based on the fundamental implementation of the three-dimensional survey with terrestrial laser scanning for the construction and the control of the complex morphology of the site, and on the subsequent integration of models of the intervention in the three-dimensional reality "as-built" of the site. The obtained infographic model allowed to study and simulate the impact of the routes for people with reduced mobility, and to verify its efficiency in the historical and landscape context. Moreover, it was possible to verify the construction of other facilities in the real conditions of the site.
Highlights
The underlying principles of the Universal Design are internationally shared and adopted in the design of urban spaces, public and private buildings
In addition to the well-known and undisputed potential offered in the fields of scientific research on cultural heritage, allows to manage a reliable database rich in information about morphology and colorimetric aspects of artefacts and landscapes
Point clouds and mesh models realized in this way, as soon, can represent key-tools in designing interventions on cultural heritage
Summary
The underlying principles of the Universal Design (ensuring accessibility to largest possible number of people, including those with disabilities) are internationally shared and adopted in the design of urban spaces, public and private buildings. In historical and artistic contexts, this approach encounters various difficulties due to the complex morphology, typical of the archaeological sites, and to design approaches on theoretical-cultural issues such as the inviolability of antiquities. To conciliate the requirements of accessibility with those of the preservation of cultural heritage adds elements of high criticality to an already complicated field This implies the need of an in-depth knowledge implemented, above all, through the disciplines of Representation. The main difficulty in the use of an archaeological site is the presence of hard sloping lands and long walking routes characterized by uneven surfaces (irregular pavement, rough terrain, etc.) In this scenario, this work is part of an ongoing research project regarding the digitization of archaeological cultural heritage present in the Tusculum, an area located in the south-east of Rome. Taking advantage of the latest methodologies and technologies of three-dimensional survey and the potential offered by the ICT fields, significant positive effects are expected on the scientific research, cataloguing, preservation, conservation, valorisation and especially on the fruition of this important archaeological site
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