Influência de diferentes padrões respiratórios na cinemática do nado crawl

Flávio Antônio De Souza Castro,Marcos Franken,José Guilherme Machado Do Couto

doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2015v17n1p82

Flávio Antônio De Souza Castro, Marcos Franken + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2015v17n1p82

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different breathing patterns on the kinematics of front crawl. Eleven college swimmers (10 men and one woman) performed seven 25-m front crawl trials at maximum intensity, with 2-min intervals between trials. One trial was performed in the breath-holding condition and six trials were performed using variable breathing frequencies (every two, four and six strokes) and sides (preferred and opposite side). Twenty-five meter time (T25) and average stroke rate (SR), stroke length (SL) and swimming velocity (SV) were obtained by video analysis and compared between conditions. The results showed that breathing side had no effect on T25, SR, SL, or SV. The breathing frequency was unable to change SV, but T25 and SR were higher for the two-stroke breathing pattern. Stroke length was greater when the swimmer breathed every two strokes compared to six strokes. The breath-holding condition produced lower T25 values and higher SV and SR compared to the other breathing patterns. In conclusion, the breathing side does not seem to interfere with the kinematic variables and breath-holding resulted in shorter swim times.

Highlights

Coaches and researchers have particular interest in the factors that determine swimming performance, which include biomechanical, anthropometric and physiological factors[1]
Factors that can modify the relationship between stroke length (SL) and stroke rate (SR) in front crawl are the breathing pattern used by the swimmers, which is expressed as the number of arm stroke cycles per breath, with one arm stroke cycle corresponding to two complete strokes[4]
Considering the lack of consensus regarding the effects of breathing patterns on front crawl kinematics, the overall objective of this study was to determine the effects of different breathing patterns on the kinematics and performance of competitive college swimmers in 25-m races, a distance widely used in sprint training[14,15]

Summary

Introduction

Coaches and researchers have particular interest in the factors that determine swimming performance, which include biomechanical (related to the swimming technique), anthropometric and physiological factors[1]. Important biomechanical factors are those related to the kinetics (drag and propulsion forces) and kinematics of swimming. The latter includes the average stroke rate (SR), defined as the number of arm stroke cycles per unit of time, and the average stroke length (SL) in meter[2], in addition to characteristics related to swimming coordination and to the trajectories of the center of mass and segments in the water[3]. Factors that can modify the relationship between SL and SR in front crawl are the breathing pattern used by the swimmers, which is expressed as the number of arm stroke cycles per breath, with one arm stroke cycle corresponding to two complete strokes[4]. It is important to determine the most effective breathing pattern for each trial distance[6,7]

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Discussion

Conclusion