Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) continually evolve and have the capacity to cause global pandemics. Because IAV represents an ongoing threat, identifying novel therapies and host innate immune factors that contribute to IAV pathogenesis is of considerable interest. This review summarizes the relevant literature as it relates to global host responses to influenza infection at both the proteome and transcriptome level. The various-omics infection systems that include but are not limited to ferrets, mice, pigs, and even the controlled infection of humans are reviewed. Discussion focuses on recent advances, remaining challenges, and knowledge gaps as it relates to influenza-omics infection outcomes.
Highlights
Influenza A viruses (IAV) continually evolve and have the capacity to cause global pandemics
This review focuses on the numerous influenza A virus (IAV) omics-related studies of host responses that have been published over the last two decades
IAV is endemic in pigs, with the 2009 H1N1 global pandemic caused from a swine-to-human spillover event
Summary
“Omics” data refers the large-scale acquisition of specific “features” in a biological sample, including genes (genomics), gene expression in the form of mRNA (transcriptomics), or protein expression (proteomics) that may include specific post-translational modification events (phosphoproteins, glycosylation, etc.). Applied to studies of pathogens, -omics analyses can identify hundreds to thousands of signature features that characterize temporal microbial and host response events during the course of infection. As -omics capabilities become cheaper andtothe software to becomes user-friendly, number of laboratories can performthat these data-intensive studies interpret more data becomes morethe user-friendly, the numberthat of laboratories can perform these datawill likely studies increase.will. Purpose of this The review is to assess both proteomic transcriptomic findings intensive increase. Recent advances and future prospects are transcriptomic findings in the context of IAV infection.
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