Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection and TNF-308, IL6, and IL8 polymorphisms in Egyptian population: a case\u2013control study

Shaimaa Moustafa Elsayed,Nagwa Hassan Ali Hassan,Omayma Mohamed Hassanein

doi:10.1186/s41936-019-0131-1

Shaimaa Moustafa Elsayed, Nagwa Hassan Ali Hassan + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-019-0131-1

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Abstract

BackgroundThe importance of influenza is increasing mainly because of the appearance of novel pandemic strains such as swine and avian. Each year, influenza has spread around the world causing about 250,000–500,000 deaths and more than 5 million cases of severe illness.The objective is as follows: evaluating the outcomes of patients with influenza A (H1N1) virus in relation to certain TNF-308, IL6, and IL8 polymorphisms and identifying the associated factors with the severe outcome.Subject and methodsThis is a case–control study. The cases were patients confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to be influenza A (H1N1) virus infected. The controls were healthy individuals. Medical history and outcome of the disease was registered. In all study participants, polymorphisms of TNF rs1800629, IL6 rs18138879, and IL8 rs4073; odds ratio (OR); and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated.ResultsInfection with influenza A (H1N1) virus was associated more with the following genotypes: TNF-308 AA (OR = 4.041; 95% CI = 1.215–13.4) and IL8 AA (OR = 3.273; 95% CI = 1.372–7.805). According to our study results, HCV (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.2–8.5), renal disease (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 0.9–13.6), cancer (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 0.3–31.1), TB (OR = 8.4, 95% CI 1.8–39.7), ICU (OR = 2.9, 95%1.2–7.1), and mortality (OR = 7.9, 95% CI 0.9–67.4) are considered as risk factors for influenza A (H1N1)-infected patients.ConclusionsOur findings concluded that TNF-308 (AA) and IL8 (AA) polymorphisms may increase the susceptibility to be infected with H1N1influenza virus.

Highlights

The importance of influenza is increasing mainly because of the appearance of novel pandemic strains such as swine and avian
Our findings concluded that tumor necrosis factor-308 (TNF-308) (AA) and interleukin 8 (IL8) (AA) polymorphisms may increase the susceptibility to be infected with H1N1influenza virus
Materials and methods We aimed to detect the relationship between polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor-308 (TNF-308), interleukin 6 (IL6), and interleukin 8 (IL8) and severity of patients infected with influenza A (H1N1) virus.The nasopharyngeal swab and blood specimens used in this study were received from the Clinics of Medicine, Surgery and Gynecology Departments, Ain Shams University Hospitals, from November 2014 to May 2017.The study was reviewed and approved by the Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University Ethical Committee

Summary

Introduction

The importance of influenza is increasing mainly because of the appearance of novel pandemic strains such as swine and avian. The objective is as follows: evaluating the outcomes of patients with influenza A (H1N1) virus in relation to certain TNF-308, IL6, and IL8 polymorphisms and identifying the associated factors with the severe outcome. The cases were patients confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to be influenza A (H1N1) virus infected. To identify risk factors for severe disease, and to determine the optimal case management and prevention, more clinical and treatment data of influenza A (H1N1) virus are needed. The presence of immunopathological mechanisms, such as hypercytokinemia (“cytokine storm”), generally is considered to contribute to the severest evolution of the infection (Mainers et al, 2008; Michaelis et al, 2009)

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