Influential Factors On Rise And Development Of The Classical Debates Of Theology

Abstract

This paper aims at searching for that which internal and external causes were effective in rise and formative progress of classical disputes of speculative theology. Internal factors consist of commenting verses in the Holy Qur’ân which are complicated their meanings in different manners and political struggles. On the one hand, the foreign religions, sects and civilizations, in addition to the philisophical movements, translation activities which are done from Greek, Syriac, and Persian into Arabic fulfilled function as external influences on the other hand. Furthermore, foreign motives had sped course of coming to existence and formation in science of theology. The theological problems which are centred on subjects such as relation between essence and attributes, the created Qur’ân, anthropomorphism, free will and predestination, metaphysics of substances and accidents, causation, imamate, and the Moslem Messianism occupy an important place among the classical discussions.