Abstract
Recent earthquakes around the world have resulted in loss of human lives and high economic losses due to poor performance of unreinforced masonry constructions as well as poorly-built reinforced concrete framed buildings. This has necessitated alternative building technologies with improved seismic performance. Confined masonry (CM) construction, has shown excellent behavior during past earthquakes across the world and requires similar skill at a marginally higher cost than that of unreinforced masonry. This paper summarizes the main features of generic construction and gains insight into the behavior of CM elements under earthquake excitations, representing a viable alternative for safe and economical construction in seismic areas. The paper discusses various influential aspects like sequence of construction, properties and type of masonry material, structural configuration, reinforcement detailing in tie column/beam and masonry, panel aspect ratio, interface between concrete and masonry, axial stress, multiple confining column, opening in wall panels and damage pattern etc. along with solution to overcome the limitations.
Highlights
The extensive use of masonry as a construction material in buildings is preferred due to its simplicity, durability, aesthetic appeal, material availability and economic advantages
The confined masonry walls are in use since last seven to eight decade, wherein masonry is confined with slender tie column and bond beam elements without much knowledge about its function and behavior, researchers are involved in its investigation since 1973
The paper outlines in various influential aspects like sequence of construction, properties and type of masonry material, structural configuration, reinforcement detailing in tie column/beam and masonry, panel aspect ratio, interface between concrete and masonry, axial stress, multiple confining column, opening in wall panels and damage pattern etc. along-with the solution to overcome the limitations
Summary
The extensive use of masonry as a construction material in buildings is preferred due to its simplicity, durability, aesthetic appeal, material availability and economic advantages. Confined masonry comprises of masonry enclosed with lightly reinforced slender concrete columns and beams which are cast after the construction of the 900 - 1000 mm high wall with grooves (~25 - 40 mm) along edges so as to achieve better bonding at interface. The literature provides extensive information in isolation about the experimental and analytical evaluation of confined masonry walls dealing with different parameters to clarify failure patterns of walls, different unit types, effects of reinforcements in columns and walls on ultimate capacities, ductile behavior, energy dissipation capacity etc. The paper outlines in various influential aspects like sequence of construction, properties and type of masonry material, structural configuration, reinforcement detailing in tie column/beam and masonry, panel aspect ratio, interface between concrete and masonry, axial stress, multiple confining column, opening in wall panels and damage pattern etc. The paper outlines in various influential aspects like sequence of construction, properties and type of masonry material, structural configuration, reinforcement detailing in tie column/beam and masonry, panel aspect ratio, interface between concrete and masonry, axial stress, multiple confining column, opening in wall panels and damage pattern etc. along-with the solution to overcome the limitations
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