Abstract
The increasing threat of transportation energy insecurity, environmental issues and public health issues have led to a growing body of research that looks at the potential contribution of urban planning in reducing travel energy consumption. The sustainable planning strategies aimed at reducing travel energy consumption need to understand the relationships between urban form, travel behavior and energy consumption. This study provided additional insights into the relationships between urban form, travel mode choice and energy consumption via mode-wise (non-motorized, motorcycle, car, bus and rail) stratified models and travel energy consumption model by applying the multiple linear regression model based on 108 zones of Fukuoka city, Japan. This study suggests that urban form makes a major contribution towards conserving travel energy in cities. This study shows that the provision of bus stops and rail stations are essential alongside an increase in road connectivity, otherwise increasing only road connectivity encourages people to use private modes of transport, which is not good for travel energy conservation. The findings suggest that better transit accessibility promotes public mode use, and reduces private mode use and travel energy consumption even where travel distance is longer. Higher density with greater land use mix and better transit accessibility has a more profound influence on increasing use of the non-motorized mode.
Highlights
The potential limits to the availability of gasoline and the increasing rate of dependence on the automobile for travel is a growing concern regarding how travel energy consumption in a city can be reduced
To identify the influencing factors for travel energy consumption, first, it is necessary to understand the interrelationship between urban form, travel behavior and energy consumption
Past literature has extensively investigated the relationship between urban form and travel energy consumption, the result was less conclusive as the variables of urban form used for analysis were limited
Summary
The potential limits to the availability of gasoline and the increasing rate of dependence on the automobile for travel is a growing concern regarding how travel energy consumption in a city can be reduced. In addition to the threat of gasoline insecurity, extensive automobile usage causes problems in areas of public health and social equity [1] as the transportation sector is responsible for over half of the CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion [2]. Previous research [3] has demonstrated that the limited supply of energy can be compensated for by the use of higher-efficiency automobiles, the shift from the automobile to public transportation and a restructuring of cities to encourage the development of new urban centers in a more energy-conserving manner.
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