Influencing Factors and Sensitivity Analysis of Occupant Impact Injury in Passenger Compartment

Abstract

Objective: The study reported in this article addressed the influence of each factor (impact acceleration, table height h, table to seat distance l 1, interseat distance l 2, table contact stiffness k 1, seat contact stiffness k 2, etc.) on the extent of occupant impact injury in a railway vehicle secondary collision. Methods: The vehicle's passenger compartment–occupant coupling model was established using proprietary software (MADYMO). The simulated occupant was MADYMO's validated Hybrid III 50th percentile dummy model, and the vehicle's passenger compartment model included the floor surface, side wall, seat (with cushion), backrest, and table. The floor surface and side wall were modeled as flat surfaces; the seat (with its cushion), backrest, and table were modeled as ellipsoids. Some 25 samples were selected for numerical simulation based on a 2-factor, 5-level, full-factorial experimental design: the response surface method (RSM) was applied to fit the mapping relationship between the occupant's injury parameters (head injury criterion [HIC] and thoracic cumulative 3-ms injury criterion [TC3ms]) and other multi-influence factors. Results: Taking the seat–table structure model and seat–seat structure model as examples, the influence of each factor on the extent of the passenger compartment occupant's impact injury was assessed from the basis of traditional passenger compartment configurations found on Chinese trains. The sensitivity analysis of occupant injury parameters on these influence factors was carried out to determine the extent of the influence of each factor on each impact injury parameter. Conclusions: The response surfaces of the occupant's injury parameters (HIC and TC3ms), and changes therein as the system's variables were altered showed that impact injury parameters and change thereto could be described intuitively and qualitatively. Some meaningful conclusions were obtained through the sensitivity analysis of occupant injury parameters to changes in these influence factors. The research offered a guideline for the design and manufacture of a train's passenger compartment structure. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Traffic Injury Prevention to view the supplemental file.