Abstract
<p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong> </strong><em>Stevia rebaudiana</em> is a plant that accumulates a non-caloric sweetener compound known as stevioside. This crop is traditionally fertilized with chemicals that are harmful for the ecosystem, forcing to find organic alternatives to mitigate this damage. <strong>Objective</strong>. To study the effect of organic matter and an <em>Azotobacter nigricans</em>-based bio-fertilizer on a <em>Stevia rebaudiana </em>plantation grown in acidic soil in the Department of Meta, Colombia. <strong>Materials and methods.</strong> Five treatments were established: T1 and T2 with the application of home organic waste compost at concentrations of 15 and 30 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>. T3 and T4 with the same compost concentrations and inoculating the<em> A. nigricans </em>bio-fertilizer. T5 contained the bio-fertilizer alone. The control consisted of the application of the Bokashi compost under the usual conditions of cultivation. Plant growth was assessed by biomass increase measured as dry weight, production, and leaf area. The physicochemical analysis of soil included: percentage of organic carbon, water content, and pH. <strong>Results. </strong>The inoculation of the bio-fertilizer produced an increase in the rate of mineralization of compost, reaching a final 4.85% of OC between 90 and 180 days after inoculation. <strong> </strong>There were significant (p&lt; 0.05) differences between biomass production with T2 (1,538 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) and the control (477 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>). Regarding the soluble solid content, T1, T3 and T4 showed the highest °Brix values (12.4, 12.35 and 12.15, respectively). <strong>Conclusions</strong>. The concentration of 30 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> produced the highest biomass production and the application of the biofertilizer showed a positive correlation with compost mineralization and glucoside synthesis.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Key words</strong>: <em>Stevia rebaudiana</em>, bio-fertilizer, mineralization, organic carbon.</p> <p> </p><br />
Highlights
Influência da matéria orgânica e Azotobacter nigricans em uma cultura de Stevia rebaudiana B
En Colombia, de acuerdo con datos del Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (MADR, 2011), los principales departamentos productores de Stevia rebaudiana var Morita son: Antioquia, Caldas, Casanare, Valle del Cauca y Meta con un rendimiento promedio para los últimos 4 años de 4.000 Kg ha-1 año-1, comparable al registrado por países productores como: Paraguay con un rendimiento de 4.300 Kg ha-1 año-1, Japón con 4.000 a 6.000 Kg ha-1 año-1 y Canadá con 3.000 Kg ha-1 año-1 [6, 7]
El cultivo de Stevia rebaudiana se estableció en el municipio de Puerto López, Colombia, finca El Mirador: 04°06 ́ Latitud Norte y 72°50 ́ Longitud Oeste, Temperatura 27°C, precipitación promedio: 2000 mm, HR: 75%
Summary
Influência da matéria orgânica e Azotobacter nigricans em uma cultura de Stevia rebaudiana B. Stevia rebaudiana é uma planta que acumula um composto edulcorante não-calórico conhecido como esteviosídeo. Avaliar o efeito da matéria orgânica e um biofertilizante com base em Azotobacter nigricans numa cultura de Stevia rebaudiana localizada no departamento de Meta, na Colômbia. Las bacterias pertenecientes al género Azotobacter, subclase γ-Proteobacteria, poseen una alta capacidad fijadora de nitrógeno como consecuencia de su asociación libre con la planta. Fertilidad del suelo consecuencia de un pH ácido, el bajo contenido de materia orgánica, las altas concentraciones de hierro y aluminio y baja capacidad de intercambio catiónico hacen necesario establecer sistemas orgánicos adecuados para su producción. En este trabajo se evaluó la influencia de un material compostado elaborado a partir de residuos orgánicos domiciliarios en una plantación de S. rebaudiana, así como el efecto de la aplicación de un biofertilizante basado en Azotobacter nigricans
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