Abstract
Family is an important protective factor in the prevention of risk behaviors in Chilean adolescents.To determine the prevalence of risk and protective factors and behaviors in Chilean students, and to study the association between family functioning and adolescent risk behaviors.Descriptive cross sectional study of 815 adolescents aged 15 +/- 2 years (51% male), studying 7th to 12th grade in three educational facilities in Santiago, Chile. They answered the Adolescent Risk Behavior Score, adapted from the Adolescent Health Survey and the "How is your family" survey of the Pan American Health Organization.Tobacco, alcohol and marihuana consumption was reported by 31%, 27% and 24% of students, respectively. Twelve percent reported being sad all the time, 23% being desperate and 13% being anxious. Forty four percent have had a sexual intercourse. The risk to have these behaviors was greater in adolescents who perceive their families as dysfunctional.In this sample, there was a high prevalence of risk behaviors, emotional symptoms and premature sexual intercourse. The risk of having these behaviors is higher among students who perceive their families as dysfunctional. The study emphasizes the protective function of family in the prevention of risk behaviors in Chilean students.
Highlights
Influence as a protective factor against risk behaviors in Chilean adolescents Background: Family is an important protective factor in the prevention of risk behaviors in Chilean adolescents
La prevalencia de los síntomas emocionales analizados es muy variable, destacando el alto porcentaje de adolescentes de ambos sexos que refieren sentirse inestables e inseguros todo el tiempo (62% varones y 79,8% mujeres), seguido del síntoma “sentirse desesperado, descorazonado, sintiendo que nada vale la pena” (19,8% varones y 25,6% mujeres)
Existe alta prevalencia de síntomas emocionales, percepción de disfunción familiar por parte de los adolescentes participantes en este estudio y conductas de riesgo como consumo de alcohol, drogas y actividad sexual precoz en adolescentes escolares chilenos
Summary
Dirigidamente se interrogó por consumo de sustancias, conductas sexuales, síntomas emocionales y dinámica de comunicación familiar. A pesar que el instrumento original se aplica a varios miembros de la familia, en este estudio se aplicó solamente a los adolescentes y exploró su percepción acerca de diversas dimensiones de la vida familiar, tales como funcionamiento, comunicación, cohesión y dinámica familiar. Se calculó prevalencia de cuatro grupos de variables dependientes (consumo de sustancias, síntomas emocionales, dinámica de comunicación familiar y actividad sexual). La Tabla 1 resume las prevalencias y OR de consumo de sustancias, según sexo. La Tabla 3 resume el OR de consumo de sustancias del adolescente según el consumo de igual sustancia por parte del padre o madre. Prevalencia (%) y OR de consumo de sustancias, síntomas emocionales y actividad sexual, según sexo
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