Abstract
A beam is described by its transverse power density distribution, its wavefront, and its transverse distribution of coherence. The beam propagation ratio, M 2, is expressed as the square root of the sum of each of the three beam attributes. The shape of the power density distribution governs the diffraction of the beam. The stronger it is modulated, the higher the M 2. In comparison to an non-aberrated beam, the M 2 of a beam with an aberrated wavefront is increased. Similarly, the M 2 of a partially coherent beam is higher than the one of a fully coherent one. A concise formula is derived. The components of M 2 of a mixture of Hermite–Gaussian beams and of a spherically aberrated Gaussian beam are given as examples.
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