Influences of urea fermentation potential on growth performance, dietary energetics, digestive function, and blood urea N in Holstein steers fed a finishing diet based on steam-flaked corn where metabolizable protein supply was otherwise in excess of theoretical requirement

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives This study was conducted to examine the effect of urea fermentation potential (UFP) on digestive function, BUN, growth performance, and dietary energetics, in steers fed a finishing diet based on steam-flaked corn containing 15% dried distillers grains with solubles. Materials and Methods Four UFP levels were evaluated (−0.30, 0.10, 0.50, 0.90). The UFP levels were manipulated by dietary urea inclusion level of 1.20, 0.80, 0.40 and 0%, respectively (DM basis). Results and Discussion Dietary UFP did not affect (P > 0.10) ruminal digestion of feed N. Ruminal starch digestion decreased with increasing UFP (linear effect, P = 0.02). Ruminal digestion of starch and OM tended to be maximal (quadratic effect, P ≤ 0.07) at dietary UFP of 0.1%. Increasing UFP decreased flow to duodenum of nonammonia-N (linear effect, P = 0.04), and microbial N (linear effect, P = 0.05). Duodenal flow of feed N was not affected (P = 0.18) by dietary UFP. Increasing dietary UFP decreased total-tract digestion of OM (linear effect, P = 0.02), starch (linear effect, P = 0.03), and digestible energy (linear effect, P = 0.03). Increasing dietary UFP decreased ruminal pH (linear effect, P = 0.01) 1 h after feeding. Thereafter, the influence of dietary UFP on ruminal pH was not appreciable. Increasing dietary UFP decreased ruminal ammonia-N 1 h after feeding (linear effect, P Implications and Applications Even when finishing diet formulations otherwise exceed MP requirements, dietary UFP level remains a relevant factor to optimize dietary energy use. Dietary UFP levels greater than 0.50% could negatively affect digestion, gain efficiency, and dietary NE use.