Abstract
Pseudodiaptomus dubia is a calanoid copepod that is distributed widely in the estuarine-coastal waters of Asia and is a dominant copepod in the shrimp grow-out ponds in southern China. A laboratory culture experiment was conducted to evaluate the influences of water temperature on larval development, survival, and reproduction. Results indicate that within a temperature range from 15 to 35°C, larval development increases as the temperature increases. The water temperature for optimal larval survival rate ranges from 20 to 35°C. Longevity and egg hatching time decrease as the temperature increases from 20 to 35°C. Total fecundity and reproduction frequency increase as the water temperature increases, with the maximum at 30°C. Fecundity and reproduction frequency decrease when the temperature exceeds 30°C. Intrinsic growth rate (rm) ranges from 0.168 to 0.195 at 25 to 30°C; net reproduction rate (R0) and finite growth rate (?) are 163 to 264 and 1.183 to 1.215, respectively, when the temperature is greater than 20 and 35°C; population doubling time (t) varies from 3.556 to 4.128 days at temperatures less than 20 and 35°C. Population generation time (T) is negatively correlated with temperature, with the optimal population growth rate at 25 to 30°C.
Highlights
Temperature is a vital factor that influences mortality[1], instar duration[2,3], molting rate[4,5], and reproduction of copepods[5,6]
High temperatures can accelerate metabolism and oxygen consumption, leading to excessive use of protein and a low survival rate[14,15,16]. This is in agreement with our findings that indicate significant effects of temperature on development time, survival rate, and growth rates of P. dubia
The development time required for each larval stage decreases and growth rates increase
Summary
Temperature is a vital factor that influences mortality[1], instar duration[2,3], molting rate[4,5], and reproduction of copepods[5,6]. Increases in temperature will increase egg production and growth rate, and shorten reproduction cycle and hatching time. Different species that live in different geographical regions may have specific requirements for temperature. Temperature affects the energy storage and hormone production that control larval development. Molting will not take place until levels of energy and hormone exceed a threshold[7]. Pseudodiaptomus dubia[8], previously reported as Schmackeria dubia[9], is a calanoid copepod that is distributed widely in Asian estuarine-coastal waters and is a dominant copepod in the shrimp grow-out
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