Abstract
Effects of single and binary mixture metals on microbial biofilm growth were evaluated on silty-sandy soil collected from an artificial storage and recovery (ASR) site. The effects of metals on the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and viable cell count (VCC) showed considerable differences depending on the metal types and concentrations, whereas dehydrogenase activity (DHA) did not change significantly. The sensitivity of the ATP and VCC measurements was also greater than that of DHA. Toxicity based on the ATP content was Cu ≈ Cd > Cr ≈ As(III) ≈ As(V). In the presence of the binary metal mixtures, a synergistic and additive effect was commonly observed for the ATP contents and VCC, respectively. Therefore, understanding the effects of metal mixtures is essential for proper assessment of the contaminated environment. This study also indicated that the evaluation of metal effects may be considerably influenced by the endpoints of microbial growth measurement.
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