Influences of reaction factors on the nano-sized tin oxide powder by spray pyrolysis process

Abstract

In this study, by using tin chloride solution as the raw material, a nano-sized tin oxide powder with an average particle size below 50 nm is generated by spray pyrolysis reaction. This study also examines the influences of the reaction temperature and the concentration of raw material solution on the powder properties. As the reaction temperature increases from 800 to 850°C, the average particle size of the generated powder increases from 20 nm to 30 nm, the intensity of XRD peak increases, and the specific surface area decreases. As the reaction temperature reaches 900°C, produced powder of droplet type are composed of nano-sized particles with an average size of 30 nm, while the average particle size of the independent type increases remarkably up to 80-100 nm, and the particle surface becomes more compact. As the reaction temperature reaches 950°C, most of the particles appear mutually independent, while the average particle size is around 70 nm. When the tin concentration reaches 75 g/L, the average particle size of the generated powder is below 20 nm. When the tin concentration reaches 150 g/L, the powder of droplet type are composed of nano particles with an average size around 30 nm, whereas the average size of the independent particles increases up to 80-100 nm. Also, the intensity of XRD peak increases, and the specific surface area decreases. When the concentration reaches 400 g/L, the droplet types are composed of nano-particles with an average size of 30 nm. Also, the intensity of XRD peak increases, and the specific surface area decreases.