Influences of Method of Seeding and Moisture on Winter Wheat Survival and Yield1

Abstract

AbstractField experiments were conducted during 1963–1967 at Mandan, N. Dak., to compare effects of furrow and surface drilling methods and fall and spring moisture differentials on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) survival and yield. A system was developed to permit collecting winter wheat plants from frozen soil for survival counts.Average survival in February and March and final grain yields were significantly greater for furrow than for surface drilling. Survival often decreased substantially between early January and mid‐February, particularly in 1965 when survival decreased from over 90% to almost zero. Increased fall moisture also increased survival. Winter wheat survival was significantly correlated (r > 0.92) with cumulative degree days after December 1, calculated from a base of either _17.8 or −2.2°C. Furrow planting aided in trapping snow around the plant crowns, which may have reduced tissue desiccation and provided additional water during mid‐winter thaws. These results suggest, therefore, that the amount of protection afforded the crown, soil moisture conditions during the winter months, and intensity and duration of freezing prior to February 15 all affect winter wheat survival in frozen soils.