Abstract
An enhanced adaptation to specific environmental conditions could provide higher seed quality and quantity from groundnuts. In this investigation, nine groundnut genotypes and two controls were evaluated for morphological and oil traits in two different Mediterranean locations. The traits of shelling percentage and pod yield indicated significant differences among the genotypes. The highest pod yield was observed for ACG 154 from the subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea and ACG 107 from the subsp. fastigiata var. vulgaris in the locations of Adana and Antalya, respectively. The genotype ACG 154 also had about 60 g of 100-seed weight, which is desirable for commercial production as a Runner commercial type. Significant differences were recorded for oil yield, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids in both locations among the genotypes studied. The groundnut genotypes were further evaluated with allele-specific PCR markers for possible SNP mutations in the ahFAD2A and ahFAD2B genes for high-oleic mutants. ACG 14, ACG 154 and ACG 156 had the mutant ahFAD2A allele, while no ahFAD2B allele mutation was found. The statistical model GGE bi-plot was used to identify the ideal and representative location for each genotype according to pod yield performance. The genotypes ACG 107 and ACG 116 presented the highest oil yield and were relatively stable across locations. Therefore, they should be evaluated as candidates for cultivar releases in the two studied climatic areas. In addition, the selected desirable genotypes in this study can be used as parents in hybridization programs to develop populations for future releases.
Highlights
The groundnut, referred to as peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), is an important oilseed crop which is generally cultivated in tropical, subtropical and warm, temperate areas (Hammons, 1994)
The ANOVA analysis of the genotypes showed a great variation in 100-seed weight and pod yield traits for both locations
The number of pods corresponding to the genotypes were 52.31 for L1 and 56.89 for L2
Summary
The groundnut, referred to as peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), is an important oilseed crop which is generally cultivated in tropical, subtropical and warm, temperate areas (Hammons, 1994). There are few examples in the literature which describe the importance of selection according to the specific environment/location for groundnut yield and quality traits. The effects of environment on oil content and fatty acid composition were studied in 12 different locations by Dwivedi et al, (1993). The Asian groundnut core collection was evaluated in two different seasons and the environmental effect was observed for important yield traits (Swamy et al, 2003). This collection was studied by Upadhyaya et al, (2005) for twelve traits in three locations and six environments in order to choose desirable parents for the target regions of the crop. Molecular markers developed by different researchers (Chu et al, 2007; 2009; Chen et al, 2010) have provided effective characterization of high-oleic mutants
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