Abstract
This paper systematically analyzes the microstructural nonuniformity of ZnO varistors when Al2O3 dopants are added. The introduction of Al2O3 dopants leads to a decrease of ZnO grain growth rate and correspondingly an increase of the microstructural uniformity of ZnO varistors. Both the average value and the standard deviation of ZnO grain sizes decrease with the increase of Al2O3 content, approximately in a log-linear relation. With detailed experimental results, this study provides quantitative references for the practice of adding Al2O3 dopants to give ZnO varistors desired microstructural and electrical characteristics.
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