Influence of wheat-rye translocations on grain quality indices during bread winter wheat breeding in the South of Ukraine

Abstract

Topicality. The use of introgressive material developed due to the involvement of wheat-rye translocations 1AL.1RS, 1BL.1RS in the modern gene pool of bread winter wheat is quite relevant at this stage of breeding development. This makes it possible to expand the genetic diversity of breeding material to identify new genetic sources of valuable traits and obtain genotypes based on introgressive material with wheat-rye translocations 1AL.1RS, 1BL.1RS with a sufficiently high grain quality in breeding programs in the southern Ukraine. Purpose. To establish the role of genetic environment as a factor of directional influence of wheat-rye translocations on baking properties, and to develop breeding techniques for neutralizing the negative effects of translocations to produce genotypes with high grain quality indices of valuable and strong wheat. Materials and Methods. Field experiments were carried out in the fields of the Plant Breeding and Genetic Institute - National Center for Seed Breeding and Variety Research in the 2010–2020. Meteorological conditions over the years of research were generally typical arid for the Steppe zone. The lines developed by crossing local varieties-carriers of translocations and the best varieties of the Plant Breeding and Genetic Institute breeding were studied that to identify the influence of wheat-rye translocations 1AL.1RS, 1BL.1RS on the quality of winter wheat grain in the process of breeding. Results. It was established that the winter wheat grain quality indices were changed (protein content increased, rheological properties decreased) by the introduction of wheat-rye translocations 1AL.1RS, 1BL.1RS into the local gene pool. These changes depend on the genetic environment, hybrid combination and the influence of genetic factors that reduce the negative effect of wheat-rye translocations on baking properties of the lines. It was proved that development of recombinant lines combining high yield and increased baking properties increases when using introgressive lines with wheat-rye translocations 1AL.1RS. Conclusions. It is possible to reduce the negative impact of wheat-rye translocations on the bread winter wheat grain quality and develop varieties with quality parameters of valuable and strong wheat by combining wheat-rye translocations with alleles in genotype positively influencing baking properties, and also by creating heterogeneity in genotypes with and without wheat-rye translocations in a certain ratio. An example is the highly heat-resistant variety of strong wheat Oktava Odeska, which is included in the State Register for dissemination in all agroclimatic zones of Ukraine. Keywords: bread winter wheat, recombinant lines, baking quality, wheat-rye translocations 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS