Influence of weather conditions on the duration of the growth season and yield of peas

Abstract

During the period from 2012 to 2019 in the conditions of the Kirov region there were some studies aimed at investigating the influence of hydrothermal factors (temperature, precipitation) on the duration of pea growth season, yield and constituent elements of yield productivity. The study objects were 3 pea varieties of different morphotypes bred by the Falenki Breeding Station (Falenskiy yubileynyy, Ryabchik, Falenskiy usatyy). The weather conditions during the research were contrasting in temperature regime and the amount of precipitation. The most favourable conditions for pea growth season were in 2014 and 2015, adverse conditions were in 2013, 2016 and 2018. The correlation analysis was undertaken to study the influence of weather conditions on the duration of the growth and interphase periods, yield and indicators of productivity elements of peas. It has been established that the duration of the growth season was largely influenced by the moisture regime (r = 0.71…0.76), the influence of the temperature regime was not significant. The highest grain yield of all varieties was obtained in 2014 (5.5…6.4 t/ha), the lowest in 2013 (1.9…2.3 t/ha) and in 2018 (1.3…2.5 t/ha). There was a close correlation dependence of the yield and the duration of the "flowering-ripening" period (r = 0.77…0.86) and the growth season in general (r = 0.72…0.87). Precipitation during the growth season influenced mostly on the yield of the Falenskiy yubileynyy (r = 0.70), Ryabchik and Falenskiy usatyy varieties had no significant correlation dependence between these characteristics. Hydrothermal conditions did not have significant effect on the productivity elements formation (except the mass of 1000 seeds). The significant influence on the yield formation of the Falenskiy yubileynyy variety was made by the number of rich pasture joints (r = 0.86), number of beans (r =0.88), number of grains (r =0.94) and the mass of seeds per plant (r = 0.85).