Abstract
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of the pH of drinking water in the oral changes caused by cadmium poisoning. Material and method: Ninety male Wister rats were divided into the following six groups: A - 15 rats were given cadmium chloride solution (400 mg/L) in drinking water with a neutral pH (pH 7.0); B - 15 rats received cadmium chloride solution (400 mg/L) in drinking water with an acidic pH (pH 5.0); C - 15 rats were treated with a cadmium chloride solution (400 mg/L) in drinking water with a basic pH (pH 8.0); D - 15 rats received drinking water with an acidic pH (pH 5.0); E - 15 rats were given drinking water with a basic pH (pH 8.0); F - 15 rats received water with a neutral pH (pH 7.0). All animals were sacrificed six months after the beginning of the experiment. A biopsy of the buccal mucosa, tongue and salivary gland of each animal was taken for microscopic analysis. Result: No changes were observed in the buccal mucosa, tongue mucosa or salivary glands in any of the groups. Conclusion: Drinking water that contains a high concentration of cadmium with differing pH levels demonstrated no damage to the oral mucosa and salivary glands of male Wistar rats.
Highlights
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with an atomic number of 48 and molecular weight of 112.411 that was discovered around 1815 in ores containing carbonate and zinc
The components of cadmium are used as product stabilizers, such as polymers of vinyl chloride (PVC), pigments, and often in nickel cadmium batteries and rechargeable batteries
Animals were exposed to 400 mg of cadmium/liter of water ingested, a value well above the permissible daily intake, simulating cases of environmental contamination on a large scale
Summary
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with an atomic number of 48 and molecular weight of 112.411 that was discovered around 1815 in ores containing carbonate and zinc. The main routes of contamination by cadmium for humans are inhalation or ingestion. According to the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals of the United Nations Environment Program, the silver alloys used in orthodontics release by-products, such as cadmium, copper and zinc, which can be absorbed by the richly vascularized oral tissues after installing the brace[4]. In addition to occupational exposure, cadmium contaminates many foods and is found in dental products and cigarette smoke, can affect humans. There are few studies in the literature that evaluate changes caused by cadmium in the oral mucosa and salivary glands[10,11]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pH on possible oral abnormalities caused by cadmium poisoning
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