Influence of Volatile Components from ‘Qiyueju’ (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) Flowerheads on the Mycelial Growth of Pleurotus ostreatus

Abstract

Chrysanthemum is a traditional edible and medicinal flower, has many medicinal properties, and is used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of volatile components from ‘Qiyueju’ (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) flowerheads and their effect on Pleurotus ostreatus mycelial growth. The flower has been collected from the Yunwu Mountain region (Guizhou Province, China), and volatile components of ‘Qiyueju’ flowerheads have been obtained using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the volatile components has been carried out to reveal its chemical composition. A total of 67 volatile components have been identified, accounting for 95.28 % of the total volatile components. These volatile components have been dominated by camphor (48.64 %), followed by bornyl acetate (3.94 %), cis-β-Farnesene (3.55 %), sabinene (3.00 %), α-terpineol (2.65 %), Z,E-α-farnesene (2.55 %), and 1,8-cineole (2.43 %). In particular, the value of camphor was significantly above the range from 0 to 44.6 % in previous studies, most probably due to species, geographical location, seasonal factors, climatic conditions, and harvest time. The influence of volatile components on the mycelial growth of P. ostreatus was investigated using the growth rate method. The four selected major components exhibited strong sensitivity to P. ostreatus after five days. Notably, the fungus possessed the strongest sensitivity (EC50=0.175 μg/ml) and the best mycelial growth rate values of 6.10±0.03 mm/d when the camphor concentration was 1.25 μg/ml (P<0.05). Camphor also produced the best percentage of induction (47.30±8.96 %) at the same concentration. The four selected major components, especially camphor, from ‘Qiyueju’ flowerheads have some potential development value in terms of P. ostreatus culture medium and may be useful in the search for newer annexing agents in the culture substrate of edible fungi.