Abstract
Observational studies have shown that low serum levels of vitamin D have been associated with an atherogenic lipid profile. However, the intervention studies gave divergent results. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on blood lipids. A systematic literature search was conducted via MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and EMBASE for randomized controlled clinical trials assessing the effects of vitamin D supplementation on lipids. The mean change in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) from baseline was treated as a continuous variable. In all, 12 clinical trials consisting of 1346 participants were included in the analysis. The pooled estimate of effect for vitamin D supplementation on LDL-C was 3.23 mg/dl (95% confidence interval, 0.55 to 5.90 mg/dl). No statistically significant effects for vitamin D supplementation were observed for TC, HDL-C and TG (differences in means were 1.52 mg/dl (-1.42 to 4.46 mg/dl), -0.14 mg/dl (-0.99 to 0.71 mg/dl) and -1.92 mg/dl (-7.72 to 3.88 mg/dl) respectively). The lipid modulating effects of vitamin D supplementation should be further investigated though large-scale, randomized trials with adequate doses which can effectively elevated the active form of vitamin D in plasma and with proper population which has hyperlipemia as an inclusion criterion.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death and disability in the world [1]
Search strategy and study selection A systematic search of the literature published prior to November 2011 was conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and EMBASE to identify all articles related to randomized controlled trials examining the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the blood lipid profile
Trials were included in the analysis if they were randomized controlled trials of vitamin D in human participants in which the mean changes of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) concentration, along with standard deviation, were reported for the intervention and control groups
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death and disability in the world [1]. Extraordinary effort has been devoted to determining the modifying risk factors to prevent atherosclerosis, the main cause of CVD. It is reasonable that dyslipidemia should be considered as a potential link because dyslipidemia is a well-described independent risk factor for CVD. Observational studies have indicated that high 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were associated with a favorable serum lipid profile [9]. A solid rationale for such association is difficult to determine unless there is an effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipids in placebo-controlled randomized trials. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the potential effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipid profiles
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