Abstract
Virtual fence (VF) technologies can aid cattle producers in applying grazing management for land resource objectives.Acute stress and animal welfare are important factors to consider when adopting VF on rangelands.Virtual fence did not cause increased heart rate (HR), to mature, lactating beef cows when receiving audio or electric cues during a 30-minute period.Increased HR was observed when cattle interacted with the electric cue boundary, but HR typically returned to levels observed during a control period within 30 seconds to 4 minutes.Overall, VF caused minimal acute stress to the mature cows with calves and cattle learned to respond to audio cue warnings and avoid electric cues
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callSimilar Papers
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
