Abstract
Pollutants resulting from domestic combustion would have harmful effects on public health, causing disturbances in the atmosphere chemistry and the climate. In this work, the emissions from the combustion of pellets made of 80% poplar (organically fertilized) and 20% cereal straw (Triticum aestivum) have been analysed. Poplar wood from I-214 and AF-8 clones was obtained from fertilized and non-fertilized plots (CONTROL). Dairy wastewater treatment (MUD) and dehydrated sewage sludge (BIOSOLIDS) were the fertilizers employed. BIOSOLIDS-I214 pellets had lower quality standards, so its combustion was omitted. A flue gas sample was sampled together with the particles emitted. The I-214 MUD sample had the highest emitted CO value (1505 mg/MJ). Regarding HCl emission factors, there was a homogeneity in the results linked with the Cl content present in the raw material. A higher particle emission was associated with pellets with higher ash content. Particles were composed mainly for elemental carbon (26–80 mg/MJ), except I-214 MUD. I-214 pellets had the indicators of incomplete combustion and, therefore, major contaminants emission and major environmental impact. Thus, both the poplar clone and the organic fertilizer influenced the parameters and emissions analysed. Therefore, special attention must be paid to both characteristics.
Highlights
The basis of energy production in both developed and developing countries has been fossil fuels
Isokinetic particle sampling was performed, that is, the sampler input shaft was aligned parallel to the flow stream lines in the same way the gas inlet velocity in the probe was equal to the flow rate in the duct [46]
Apart from the hydrogen and ash content, the combustible properties of the pellets studied here are similar to those of the commercial ones, even with a higher calorific value and volatile content than those of the wood pellet [55]
Summary
The basis of energy production in both developed and developing countries has been fossil fuels. Among the different options available for obtaining energy using biomass, densified or not, combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis of several sources are emerging technologies with great potential for industrial implementation [21] This biomass thermal degradation is, a complex process mainly because of the large number and the diverse nature of the reactions involved [22]. The emissions of a new pellet (currently under patent process, P201830823) were studied This new material consisted of a mixture of poplar wood, organically fertilized and for which energy potential has been previously demonstrated [38,39], and cereal straw (wheat). Similar operating conditions to a commercial boiler for domestic heating were done in order to compare the emissions with other fuels
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