Abstract

Intermediate-stage sintering has been investigated in lead orthophosphovanadates Pb 3(VO 4) 2(1− x) (PO 4) 2 x . It was found that rich-vanadium compounds such as Pb 3(VO 4) 2 and Pb 3(VO 4) 1.6(PO 4) 0.4 densify rapidly with important grain growth. For these compounds grain growth is controlled by grain boundaries and densification occurs by a mixed mechanism with lattice and grain boundary diffusion. For Pb 3(PO 4) 2, sintering mechanism supports a model of grain-boundary-controlled densification and grain growth is a surface diffusion-controlled pore drag mechanism. Moreover, the presence of phosphorus in compounds' formulae, tends to decrease the grain-boundary mobility, preventing pore-boundary separation. The kinetics analysis highlights the importance of vanadium substitution in modifying the diffusion coefficient of rate-limiting species.

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