Influence of ultrasonic waves in the reduction of nitrate to nitrite by hydrazine–Cu(II)

Abstract

Colorimetric methods are still important for determining nitrate and nitrite. A critical step in the use of these methods to determine nitrate in low concentrations is the reaction time required to totally reduce nitrate to nitrite, i.e., 24 h in the dark. This work involved a study of the influence of ultrasonic irradiation on the nitrate reduction reaction by hydrazine. Our findings indicated that ultrasonic irradiation, associated with copper(II) ion as a catalyst, increased the redox reaction rate, decreasing the reaction time to about 10 min when the power of the ultrasonic irradiation was set in 14.0357 W. The strong influence of the ultrasonic irradiation in the reduction reaction rates can be sustained by an excellent linear correlation ( R 2 = 0.9993) between the kinetic constants and ultrasonic powers. Nitrate conversion also increased from 68% to 98% at the latter conditions. It thus become clear that high intensity ultrasound is very beneficial for this reduction reaction to proceed in good yield and in short reaction time in comparison to its silent reaction.