Abstract
(1) Background: Degradation of soils and erosion have been described for most of the soils presented along the Maule Valley. Organic and integrated management promotes agroecosystem health, improving soil biological activity. Due to this, the aim of this research was to study the effect of organic, integrated, and conventional management on the productive, oenological and soil variables of a vineyard cultivated under semiarid conditions during 5 consecutive seasons; (2) Methods: Yield, grape and wine oenological, and soil physicochemical parameters were evaluated. Bioclimatic indices were calculated in the studied seasons; (3) Results: Conventional management allowed to improve yield and the number of bunches per vine compared to organic management. However, this latter enhanced mineral nitrogen and potassium content in soil. Based on bioclimatic indices, heat accumulation improved number of bunches per plant and most of the soil physicochemical parameters; (4) Conclusions: Organic management improved the accumulation of some microelements in soils at the expense of yield. Organic matter decreased along the study was carried out. Season was the conditioning factor of the variability of most of the studied parameters, while the interaction between season and type of management affected soluble solids, probable alcohol and pH in grapes, and total polyphenol index and pH in wines.
Highlights
Rainfed of the Maule Valley (Chile) has been characterized by a cereal, livestock, and viticulture agricultural history, all widely extractive activities [1]
Conventional viticulture disposes of agrochemicals such as inorganic fertilizers and synthetical chemical pesticides to the farming management, whereas these aforesaid products are banned in Agronomy 2019, 9, 64; doi:10.3390/agronomy9020064
5 consecutive seasons on yield (t·ha−1 ), Ravaz index and yield components such as number of bunches per plant, weight of bunches (g), weight of berries (g), and number of berries per bunch is shown in. This parameter together with yield was higher in the conventional than the organic management in the vineyard
Summary
Rainfed of the Maule Valley (Chile) has been characterized by a cereal, livestock, and viticulture agricultural history, all widely extractive activities [1]. Respect to the edaphic conditions, the soils from the rainfed areas of the Maule Valley presents low levels of organic matter (less than 2%) and low macro and micro nutrients content, mainly of boron [2]. Due to the extensive activities performed along this area, the soils present serious problems of erosion, and 80% exhibit the condition of non-arable, addition, rainfall does not amount to 600 mm·year−1 , and is concentrated from autumn to winter (May to August) [1]. Agronomy 2019, 9, 64 organic viticulture and only organic fertilizers and a certain non-synthetic pesticides are allowed in the agricultural management [4,5]. Diseases control is mainly carried out using copper or sulfur treatment, while weed management is performed by tillage or grass-cutting [4,6,7]
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