Abstract
Introduction: The previous studies have suggested that alteration in oxidative stress and antioxidant defense depends on various factors, such as mode, intensity, frequency and duration of exercise. In this study, we compared the effects of two various durations of resistance exercise (1 month and 4 month) on oxidative stress and antioxidant status in cardiac tissue. Methods: Thirty Wistar male rats divided into 3 groups: control (sedentary), exercise-1 (regular exercise for 1 month) and exercise-2 group (regular exercise for 4 months). After the final to the experiment, the rats were anesthetized, and then blood and heart samples were obtained and used to determine glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and biochemical estimation. Results: MDA levels between control and exercise-2 groups showed no significant difference, hence, MDA level in exercise-1 group was higher compared to control group (P < .01). The heart GPX activity increased significantly in exercise-2 group regarding other groups (P < .01). The SOD activities of groups were similar. Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations increased in the exercise-1 compared to the other groups (P < .01). Conclusion: Our results indicate that in heart, the adaptation and alteration in oxidative stress and cell injury level depend on duration of exercise.
Highlights
The previous studies have suggested that alteration in oxidative stress and antioxidant defense depends on various factors, such as mode, intensity, frequency and duration of exercise
The present study was planned to evaluate the effect of exercise training that was accomplished at 2 various durations for 1 month and 4 months, and on biomarkers of lipid peroxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) additional to antioxidant activities and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine kinase (CK) concentrations
MDA is derived from oxidative destruction of lipids in cell membranes, and the alteration in MDA concentration can be an indicator of oxidative cell injury.[24]
Summary
The previous studies have suggested that alteration in oxidative stress and antioxidant defense depends on various factors, such as mode, intensity, frequency and duration of exercise. It is clear that people who do regular exercises, are less threatened by cardiovascular diseases, and in comparison with sedentary individuals, they benefit from better quality of life.[3] increased cellular metabolism during exercise results in ROS creation and this process can be hazardous since they attack membrane lipids.[4,5] It was revealed that regular exercise can intensify the production of free radicals and cause oxidative stress.[5] It has been shown that exercise can increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes and can reduce the damage resultant from free radicals.[5] The alteration in antioxidant defense depends on variety of factors, like mode, intensity and frequency of exercise, even acute exercise enhances oxidative stress. Short time training can cause the activation of several different structures of free radical production and may be severed into both initial (e.g., the leakage of electrons inside the mitochondria during aerobic respiration, amines and prostanoid metabolism and the enzymes including NADPH oxidase or xanthine oxidase), in addition
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