Abstract
Herein, a facile, environment-friendly and cost-effective approach was followed for the preparation of metal sulfide-based supercapacitor electrodes. The effect of transition metal interrogation on the morphology and electrochemical performance of carbon-coated nickel sulfide composite electrode was investigated. Physicochemical characterization showed that the enhancement in electrical conductivity and electrochemical reaction sites with the introduction of copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) was due to the variation in morphology. Fast ionic transformation and improvement in the number of redox active sites might improve the supercapacitor performance. The electrochemical experiment showed that the NCoSC electrode exhibited the highest capacitance value of ~760 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 current density as compared to the NCuSC and NSC electrodes. Therefore, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) device was fabricated by using NCoSC as the positive electrode and thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) as the negative electrode. The fabricated device demonstrated maximum energy density of ~38.8 Wh Kg−1 and power density of 9.8 kW Kg−1. The HSC device also showed ~89.5% retention in specific capacitance after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles at 12 A g−1 current density. So, the tuning of electronic and physical properties by the introduction of Cu and Co on nickel sulfide improved the supercapacitor performance.
Highlights
In recent years, environmental pollution and global warming are the major concerns due to the increasing energy demand for the industrialization and economical growth
Electrolyte double layer capacitance (EDLC),the electrolyte ions are adsorbed on the electrode materials and form a Helmholtz-like layer, which mainly supply high-power density
The crystallinity and phase of the synthesized materials were characterized by powder
Summary
Environmental pollution and global warming are the major concerns due to the increasing energy demand for the industrialization and economical growth. Among the various TMCs, nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and cupper (Cu)-based materials have been studied extensively as supercapacitor electrode due to their high natural abundance, large number of oxidation states, and high content of electro active sites Ternary metal sulfides such as NiCo2 S4 , NiCoS2 , NiCu2 S4 , NiMnS4 etc., have been reported to exhibit higher electrochemical properties with improved electrical conductivity than single Ni- or Co- sulfides [5,6,8,9]. Carbonaceous materials reduce the agglomeration of the TMC-based materials resulting larger electroactive surface area and improved electrical conductivity In another approach, a thin layer coating of carbon on the TMC materials further increased the structural stability of the active electrode materials during long charge-discharge cycles [14,15,16,17,18].
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