Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of four toxic equivalency factor (TEF) schemes (i.e., human/mammalian [Tl, T2], fish [T3], bird [T4]) and three substitution methods for treating non‐detect (ND) data (i.e., ND = 0 [Nl], ND = 0.5 DL [N2], ND = DL [N3] where DL = detection limit) on polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF) toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations in agricultural soils in Washington state (USA). Soil TEQs (n = 54) were determined for 12 combinations of TEF and ND levels and log‐transformed for statistical analysis. Significant bivariate correlations (Bonferroni p < .05) were observed for TEQ among all TEF levels within each ND level and between N2 and N3 within and among TEF levels. A two‐factor ANOVA demonstrated significant effects (p < .0001) for TEF, ND, and their interaction. Mean TEQ at T3 was significantly lower (p < .05) than other TEF levels at Nl, whereas mean TEQ at T4 was significantly higher (p < .05) than Tl both at N2 and N3. Mean TEQs at all ND levels differed significantly (p < .05) at each TEF level with Nl < N2 < N3. These results illustrate that TEF and ND methods can notably impact calculations for low concentrations of soil dioxin.
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